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Uživatel:Juandev/Vztah lidí k chatbotům

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Review

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Key words: chatbot human ineraction via WOS Topic 4 years

Can we be friends with Mitsuku? A longitudinal study on the process of relationship formation between humans and a social chatbot (Croes, 2021)[1]

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Introduction

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  • human-machine communication (HMC) - talking with, not to the machine
  • people adjust their language, when talking to chatbots[2]
    • less words, negative emotion words then talking to human[2]
  • relationship with computer could be created[3]
    • people treat pcs as social beeings[4][5]
    • people-people friendship relationship continuation depands on emotional investment, the frequency of interaction, the level of intimacy[6][7]

The evolution of chatbots

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  • there are various types of chatbots regarding their use: stop smoking, make a comapnion, help with depression, etc.[8][9]
  • human communication is based on common history or shared experience[10]
  • another study showed that human-chatbot interaction was worse be the means of chatbot capabilities, but also by telling the bot less, with opening itself less - in 2017[11]
  • people used clearer and simplier language when talking to chatbots[12]
  • people can make friends even online, when they doesnt see the counterpart, because they can share more intime information[13][14] (Bruckman in its online communities writes about, how helpful they could be even more than family - see [[Uživatel:Juandev/inmekk dp#Should You Believe Wikipedia? : Online Communities and the Construction of Knowledge (Bruckman, 2022, kniha)[11]|inmek dp notes]])[15]

Social processes relevant for relationship formation

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  • Levinger (1980)[16] came with ABCDE model of relationship, which consists of:
    • attraction
    • build-up
    • continuation
    • deterioration
    • The End
  • there is also a stage model by Macapadal (2015)[17]
  • ....

HMC and the process of relationship formation

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  • it is not known yet
  • studies point out the importance of empathy and communication competense (inteligance, skill, creativity) - here I would dispute it, becausy empathy and other kindnes in forming frindship might work in Anglo-saxon area, but if there are luck of such people, you may form relationship with others

In bot we trust: A new methodology of chatbot performance measures (Przegalinska, 2019)

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Source evaluation: chaotic structure and references, maybe inposed by revieweer or the journal (Business Horizon under Elsevier)

Human-machine interaction today

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  • AI communication busted sales of Harley Davidson in New York
  • natural language interaction based on models
  • 60 year old technology to test, whether it could fool users
    • recent studies, show, that humans can be cheated[18] (I have red about this somewhere else already, it was based on the idea wether user recognises, text created by bot or not)
  • chatbots are used in business mainly as customar service or for personalization purposes (?)
    • because its easy and cheap solution (and its true, there are multiple upgrades of chatGPT3 for different uses)

Chatbots in organizations

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  • ELIZA created in 1966 at MIT was succesful as many patients liked it and didnt want to ends their therapies provided by it[19][20] (but the question is, if here is not a third variable - mental state of patients, which would influence the resutls!)
    • it was based on substitution approach and pattern matching
    • a program language
  • next were certain simulations of an incapable people
    • PARRY simulated paranoid person, by repeating some parts of the text[21]
    • Eugene Gootsman 14-year old boy from Ukraine[22]
  • A.L.I.C.E. stores English language patterns (2005)[23]

"Don't Neglect the User!" - Identifying Types of Human-Chatbot Interactions and their Associated Characteristics (Nguyen, 2022)

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Measuring User Experience in Chatbots: An Approach to Interpersonal Communication Competence (Skjuve, 2019)

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Assessing the Topics and Motivating Factors Behind Human-Social Chatbot Interactions: Thematic Analysis of User Experiences (Ta-Johnson, 2022)

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What's to bullying a bot? Correlates between chatbot humanlikeness and abuse (Kejsers, 2021)

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In the shades of the uncanny valley: An experimental study of human-chatbot interaction (Ciechanowski, 2019)

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Customer service chatbots: Anthropomorphism and adoption (Sheehan, 2020)

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The Design and Evaluation of a Chatbot for Human Resources (Drozda, 2021)

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When There is No Progress with a Task-Oriented Chatbot: A Conversation Analysis (Li, 2019)

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The influence of chatbot humour on consumer evaluations of services (Shin, 2022)

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Kompilát

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Úvod

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- chatboti vývoj, komunikace, přátelství, vztahy

References

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  1. ↑ CROES, Emmelyn A. J.; ANTHEUNIS, Marjolijn L.. Can we be friends with Mitsuku? A longitudinal study on the process of relationship formation between humans and a social chatbot. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 2021-01, roč. 38, čís. 1, s. 279–300. Dostupné online [cit. 2023-03-02]. ISSN 0265-4075. w:DOI:10.1177/0265407520959463. (en)
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 MOU, Yi; XU, Kun. The media inequality: Comparing the initial human-human and human-AI social interactions. Computers in Human Behavior, 2017-07, roč. 72, s. 432–440. Dostupné online [cit. 2023-03-02]. w:DOI:10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.067. (en)
  3. ↑ BICKMORE, Timothy W.; PICARD, Rosalind W.. Establishing and maintaining long-term human-computer relationships. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 2005-06, roč. 12, čís. 2, s. 293–327. Dostupné online [cit. 2023-03-02]. ISSN 1073-0516. w:DOI:10.1145/1067860.1067867. (en)
  4. ↑ NASS, Clifford; MOON, Youngme. Machines and Mindlessness: Social Responses to Computers. Journal of Social Issues, 2000-01, roč. 56, čís. 1, s. 81–103. Dostupné online [cit. 2023-03-02]. ISSN 0022-4537. w:DOI:10.1111/0022-4537.00153. (en)
  5. ↑ BICKMORE, Timothy W.; PICARD, Rosalind W.. Establishing and maintaining long-term human-computer relationships. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 2005-06, roč. 12, čís. 2, s. 293–327. Dostupné online [cit. 2023-03-02]. ISSN 1073-0516. w:DOI:10.1145/1067860.1067867. (en)
  6. ↑ SHUM, Heung-yeung; HE, Xiao-dong; LI, Di. From Eliza to XiaoIce: challenges and opportunities with social chatbots. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2018-01, roč. 19, čís. 1, s. 10–26. Dostupné online [cit. 2023-03-02]. ISSN 2095-9184. w:DOI:10.1631/FITEE.1700826. (en)
  7. ↑ WEIGEL, Dan; MURRAY, Colleen. The Paradox of Stability and Change in Relationships: What Does Chaos Theory Offer for the Study of Romantic Relationships?. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 2000-06, roč. 17, čís. 3, s. 425–449. Dostupné online [cit. 2023-03-02]. ISSN 0265-4075. w:DOI:10.1177/0265407500173006. (en)
  8. ↑ MUJEEB, Sana; HAFEEZ, Muhammad; ARSHAD, Tayyaba. Aquabot: A Diagnostic Chatbot for Achluophobia and Autism. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2017, roč. 8, čís. 9. Dostupné online [cit. 2023-03-02]. w:DOI:10.14569/IJACSA.2017.080930. (en)
  9. ↑ SHUM, Heung-yeung; HE, Xiao-dong; LI, Di. From Eliza to XiaoIce: challenges and opportunities with social chatbots. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2018-01, roč. 19, čís. 1, s. 10–26. Dostupné online [cit. 2023-03-02]. ISSN 2095-9184. w:DOI:10.1631/FITEE.1700826. (en)
  10. ↑ MOU, Yi; XU, Kun. The media inequality: Comparing the initial human-human and human-AI social interactions. Computers in Human Behavior, 2017-07, roč. 72, s. 432–440. Dostupné online [cit. 2023-03-02]. w:DOI:10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.067. (en)
  11. ↑ MOU, Yi; XU, Kun. The media inequality: Comparing the initial human-human and human-AI social interactions. Computers in Human Behavior, 2017-07, roč. 72, s. 432–440. Dostupné online [cit. 2023-03-02]. w:DOI:10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.067. (en)
  12. ↑ HO, Annabell; HANCOCK, Jeff; MINER, Adam S. Psychological, Relational, and Emotional Effects of Self-Disclosure After Conversations With a Chatbot. Journal of Communication, 2018-08-01, roč. 68, čís. 4, s. 712–733. Dostupné online [cit. 2023-03-02]. ISSN 0021-9916. w:DOI:10.1093/joc/jqy026. PMID 30100620. (en)
  13. ↑ ANTHEUNIS, Marjolijn L.; SCHOUTEN, Alexander P.; VALKENBURG, Patti M.. Interactive Uncertainty Reduction Strategies and Verbal Affection in Computer-Mediated Communication. Communication Research, 2012-12, roč. 39, čís. 6, s. 757–780. Dostupné online [cit. 2023-03-02]. ISSN 0093-6502. w:DOI:10.1177/0093650211410420. (en)
  14. ↑ JONES, Elizabeth; GALLOIS, Cynthia; CALLAN, Victor. Strategies of Accommodation:: Development of a Coding System for Conversational Interaction. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 1999-06, roč. 18, čís. 2, s. 123–151. Dostupné online [cit. 2023-03-02]. ISSN 0261-927X. w:DOI:10.1177/0261927X99018002001. (en)
  15. ↑ BRUCKMAN, Amy. Should, you believe Wikipedia? : online communities and the construction of knowledge. Cambridge, United Kingdom: [s.n.] 1 online resource s. Dostupné online. ISBN 978-1-108-78070-4, ISBN 1-108-78070-9. OCLC 1260173760 
  16. ↑ LEVINGER, George. Toward the analysis of close relationships. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1980-11, roč. 16, čís. 6, s. 510–544. Dostupné online [cit. 2023-03-02]. w:DOI:10.1016/0022-1031(80)90056-6. (en)
  17. ↑ MACAPAGAL, Kathryn; GREENE, George J.; RIVERA, Zenaida. “The best is always yet to come”: Relationship stages and processes among young LGBT couples.. Journal of Family Psychology, 2015-06, roč. 29, čís. 3, s. 309–320. Dostupné online [cit. 2023-03-02]. ISSN 1939-1293. w:DOI:10.1037/fam0000094. PMID 26053345. (en)
  18. ↑ KHAN, Rashid. Build better chatbots : a complete guide to getting started with chatbots. [Berkeley, CA]: [s.n.] 1 online resource s. Dostupné online. ISBN 978-1-4842-3111-1, ISBN 1-4842-3111-2. OCLC 1015675013 
  19. ↑ WEIZENBAUM, Joseph. ELIZA - a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Communications of the ACM, 1966-01-01, roč. 9, čís. 1, s. 36–45. Dostupné online [cit. 2023-03-02].
  20. ↑ WEIZENBAUM, Joseph. Die Macht der Computer und die Ohnmacht der Vernunft. 1. Aufl. vyd. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp 369 pages s. Dostupné online. ISBN 3-518-07456-3, ISBN 978-3-518-07456-5. OCLC 4910411 
  21. ↑ PHRASEE. PARRY: The AI chatbot from 1972. Phrasee [online]. 2016-03-02 [cit. 2023-03-02]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 
  22. ↑ Interview with Eugene Goostman, the Fake Kid Who Passed the Turing Test. Time [online]. 2014-06-09 [cit. 2023-03-02]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 
  23. ↑ SHAWAR, Bayan Abu; ATWELL, Eric Steven. Using corpora in machine-learning chatbot systems. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 2005-11-07, roč. 10, čís. 4, s. 489–516. Dostupné online [cit. 2023-03-02]. ISSN 1384-6655. w:DOI:10.1075/ijcl.10.4.06sha. (en)
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