Uživatel:Juandev/Rešeršní strategie/Výběr

Téma: Vyhledávání obecně a mezi specifickými skupinami

Články

Understanding user behavior in naturalistic information search tasks (Vuong, 2019)

• INTRODUCTION
  • diferent motives for searching
    • checking facts
    • creative work
    • leisure time
  • logs, self documents, interviews or laboratory tests
  • search could be a subtask of bigger goal orrientated task
  • broader tasks cover work and leisure tasks
  • when studying searching motives its important to study broader tasks, because they are closely conected to information retrival
  • there are similated studyies which provide separate controll of variables and they can vary
  • this study is based on screen recording
  • different taks and motives categorizations were set previously
  • only ten participants in the study
• TASKS AND SEARCH CONTEXT
  • there are abstract tasks and goal orientated tasks
  • goal orientated tasks may include subtasks and some of these are online search tasks
  • studies show that broader tasks and information retrival are highly connected
  • so for IR studies some tasks might be simulated
  • simulated tasks "can be systematically varied and several variables can be controlled"
  • so studies capture data from work and leasure time
  • most of the studies studied IR back in time via Intervies, diaries, logs, etc.
• TASK FACTORS
  • different approaches to categorize tasks
    • theory driven
    • data driven
  • former studies had homogenous groups
  • while this study has more randoom group
• INDIVIDUAL INTENTIONS
  • individual intentions influence the search process
  • self-report methods to diaries represent searching rather than search process
• SUBSTANCE DOMAIN
  • = type of categorization
  • task belongs to certain domain if its from certain domain (and does not matter that the goal or intention falls into another domain)
  • here the task is in just one category, even it can be in more due to its naturel
• CONTEXT AND SEARCH BEHAVIOUR
  • studies focus on tasks of searchers and how they handle with the information
  • others studied how much time is spend on seeking and on different searching stages
  • less where studied topics such as: when users need to search, how queries are formed, how much search effort is invested
• CONTENT-TRIGGERS
  • previous research studied "context, search tactics, and search behavior, and their dependencies on task factors"
• METHODOLOGY
  • screen recording
  • search task extraction
  • search task categorization
  • behavioral data extraction
  • ten particicipants in 2 universities
  • screen recoreder installed on participants laptops
  • 14 days of recording
  • participants have to filla diary into the template
• RESULTS
  • tasks are influenced by what users saw before
  • 18 % tasks belonged to searching
  • results by search tasks categories:
    • be creative 132
    • enjoy oneself 262
    • gain knowldedge 182
    • daily activities 112
    • communication 118
    • maintaining and advancing 86
    • seek or receive information 214
    • intellectual 270
    • freetime 141
    • business 68
    • programming 88
    • social life 188
    • study and research 203
  • CONTENT TRIGGERS
    • differences in individual intentions, but not for taks goals
  • APPLICATION CONTEXT
    • in gain knowldedge used support applications before going to search
    • basically there are low percentages of what was done for certain categories before the search itself
  • SEARCH EFFORTS
    • 1.7 querie were issued for search effort
    • substances of tasks had no effect on search effort
• FINIDINGS
  1. in the category of "be creative" users wer attracted by what they see on the screen (triggered)
  2. user leisure activites are placed especially to social media, when they commit many queries - looking for what they like
  3. othewice to prior finings daily activities consisted of more queries than gaining knolwedge/intellecutal
• DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
  • results may help designeres of access systems

Information Search and Decision Making: Effects of Age and Complexity on Strategy Use (Queen, 2012)

• INTRODUCTION
  • its important every day to decide
  • cognitive decline may lead older people search less for information, handle large information, etc. (Queen, 2010)
  • on the other hand, older people may have better decision making, strategies of acqusition of new knowledge (Meyer, 2007)
  • so the age related loses maybe compensated by the fact elders can better handle information(Queen, 2010)
  • goall of this study is to examine interactions between age and task complexity
    • for determinign information search stategies
    • and behavior
  • young and older adults use different search strategies
    • e.g. older adults spend more time searching information matrix, than young adults, but viewed less information (Johnson, 1990; Johnson, 2000; Mata, 2010)
    • older adouts tent to compare same attributes across options (Johnson, 1990; Riggle, 1996)
    • younger compare alternatives with each other (Johnson, 1990; Riggle, 1996)
    • older users tend to find "satisfactory" rather tan "the best (Riggle, 1996)
    • studies also sudgest that olders, have worst chosing
• METHOD
• PARTICIPANTS
  • 47 young, 46 middle-age and 42 older participants from laboratory database
  • 30 USD givent to each
• MATERIALS
  • MATRIX CONSTRUCTION
    • matrices with information cells were contructed
    • matrices were introduced via Mouselab programe
    • plus and minus indicating relevance
  • ADDITIONAL MEASURES
    • scales were inlcluded to measure processing speed, working memory, verbal ability
  • PROCEDURE
    • prior testing paritciepants recevied package of questionaires
    • on the test day, particiapant have to click on the information to disclose it
    • Komentář: pretty difficult methodology but concrete, its a question, how goot is and why those steps follow each other
    • ...
    • based on some training first and testing the second
• RESULTS
  • SEARCH CHARACTERISTICS
    • calculated time spend on search, mean time spent studying an open cll, proportion of cells opened at least once, mean number of time a cell was reopened after initial viewing, the correlation between rate importanc for an atrribute dimension characteristics were measured
      • odlers were having much higher study time, sampled slightly more cells, and have slightly more repeated viewings
      • the amount of information sampled decreased with increased complexity
      • increased complexity was disruptive to systematic search
      • no evidence that task complexity was influencing older participants
  • SEARCH STRATEGY
    • Riedl algorythm used to identify search strategy
    • most of the participants used simple satisficing stragegy (49 %) and complex satisficing strategy (65 %)
    • no relationship between age and strategy used
    • searches were consistent
      • 20 % have changec strategy from a compensatory strategy in the simple array to noncompensatory strategy in the complex array
  • PREDICTORS OF STRATEGY USE
    • discriminant analysis used to find characteristics, which may influence participant use of a strategy
    • noncompensatory strategy used by higher educated, good healts and ability - thats in contrast of previous studies, which were taking this to elderly
    • compensatory strategies were related to motivation
  • CHOICE
    • no age effects were found
    • "good enough" choice let to satisfiction
• DISCUSSION
  • no finding of expectations - different ages operates in complex tasks the same way - the reasearcher thing that this might be due to the method chosed
  • and findingys of this study are in contrary to previous studies

Researching Latin America, part two: A survey of how the new generation is doing its research (Mazurkiewicz, 2014)

• INTRODUCTION
  • second part of two part study
  • focus on latin american graduate students
  • first part was surveying students in the US, (Mazurkiewicz 2007) this seccond part surveysing students with the address in Latin America
  • authors of previous study worked at the library of Arizona State University
    • they were flustrated of lack of interest by students of what library poses
    • so they have perform research on the topic
• LITERATURE REVIEW
  • Catalano (2013) found that graduade students doesnt use advanced search techniquies
    • students in previsous studies had problems with choosing keywords, refining searches (=zpřesnění vyhledávání) and dealing with information overload
    • in Honk Kong phd students were not using advanced teqniques nor they improved after instruction
    • such studies come from around the world
    • studies also pointed out that students overrated their search skills
    • they were more confident with search engines, than databases
  • several studies show, that graduate students improved after visiting library courses
  • surprisingly graduate students start their search on internet, while university would think, that use more specific resources such as databases
  • other studies show, that students prefer available journals upon those not available
  • if students cannot find fulltext, they will use information just from the abstract - 50 % of the students said (Researches of Tomorrow, 2012)
  • Kayongo (2010) and Vezzosi (2009) found that uni students prefere electronic resources over print ones even of books (62 % in favour)
  • Fleming (2009) found, that University of Alabama expect that arriving students are already prepared to behave as full researchers
    • here Catalano points out that even faculty is not good in searching and is not avare of what can be provided to students (like what library provides)
    • so the recomendation by Catalano is, that student supervisors are trained in the topic
  • studies also show, that students never asked helped from the library, some think their search needs are so complex the library dont want help
  • there are few cross country studies, but Romanos de Tiratel (2000) came to the conclussion that researcher has same need, doesnt matter the country of field of the research
  • Al-Suqri (2011) point to the fact, that researcher who learn seeking models in the West, could improve the practices after arrival, but the models should be accustomed to local conditions - e.g. lack of internet, or knowledge of English
• METHOD
  • the survey covering different areas was created
  • it head different sections regarding the need of this study
    • it was devided into 3 secctions: how you do your research, tools you use for latin-american related research, and sociodemographical section
  • students from the association were used
  • 201 initations to online survey in Spanish and Portuguese was mailed to students in Latin America
  • 56 surveys were finnally submited
• SURVEY RESULTS
  • THE RESPONDENTS
    • they were from difrent levels of uni studies
    • most studied in Brazil and Argentina
    • top studying fields were antrhoplogy, history, political science, sociology and literature
  • LANGUAGES OF RESEARCH
    • they have to list 3 languages they use in the research
      • 73 % did research in Spanish or Portuguese
      • 42 % in the other one (Spanish or Portuguese)
      • 16 % English
    • English was the most commonly used languages
  • RESEARCH AND INFORMATION SEEKING BEHAVIOUR
    • 60 % points out that medium which holds information is important
    • 67 % of students still uses "shelves of the library" to find information (probably because as mentioned here, LA universities has fewer onlin acces)
    • 87 % students streesed the imprtance of chaining citations - i.e. finding sources e.g. in the introduction of articles
    • most of the students does not search information in uni library
  • USE OF RESEARCH TOOLS
    • the use of the 4 provided research tools was very low
      • most of the students didnt know, about these tools
    • if asked what they use, most agreed on JSTOR, and some regional services, while the traditional ones like Google Scolar, Scopus, wos, wikipedia were almost not mentioned
  • BIBLIOGRAPHIC INSTRUCTION
    • 16 % recieved some kind of guidance from supervisor
    • 44 % from librarian
  • COMFORT WITH LIBRARY RESOURCES
    • 75 % liked print library resources
    • 89 % liked electronic resourcer provided by library
• CONCUSIONS
  • pointing out bariers in la
  • and differences in time of both studies, but still comparing them somehow

Consumer Choice and Use of Multiple Information Sources for Automobile Purchases (Kim, 2012)

• (INTRODUCTION)
  • they god four surveys from car buyers and establish a model
  • the period of recolection was between 199 and 2005 and there was an increase in using internet from 40 % to 75 % in 2008
  • older buyers have it easier, because if they liked a certain model, they may just purchase of a newer model
    • this consumer may to wish to search or price information
      • there are various scenarios how this consumer recolects the information on price - catalogue, from the dealer, internet (depending on the consumer itselv)
      • at the times without internet this process was much slower
  • younger consumer, who was not satisfied with his previous car, may need more information - e.g. about new brands
    • prior to the Internet, they would gather information, by visiting and asking the deleer, talking to others, from newspapers or reading books in libraries
    • with internet cost to gather information, like traveling to dealer can be reduced
    • still due to the need of test drive, the consumer may need to visit the dealer
  • the above mentioned need a decision of time allocation for the search of the information
  • the model created is based on ones choices
  • 5 sources considered: dealer, interpresonal sources, third party print sources, advertisements, and Internet
• RESULTS
  • all groups were in favor to recolect information from the dealer
  • educated buyers under 40 were havily dependent on Internet
  • less people were willing to spend much time in searching on the Internet in higher years - that may push the need to delers to focus on Internet and provide better and esasy to acces information online

Los periódicos españoles como fuente de referencia en la Wikipedia (Rodríguez-Mateos, 2018)

• klíčová slova: Wikipedia references
• the problem is they found low amount of references (about 2.9 %), which they explain by the logic, that secondary full text resources are prefared
• další otázka je, jak to zkresluje fakt, že španělsky se mluví ve více zemích a ne ve všech existují stejné noviny
• they point out that wp categories and articles can be used as thesaurus/dictionary
• other question is wheter they excluded external links, which are not references - nezdá se, že by to odfiltrovali
• nicméně vytváří to zajímavý směr jakým wp zkoumat

• they studied how main Spanish newspaper influence Wikipedia by looking for backlinks
• RESULTS
  • EL MUNDU in 10 000 articles
  • ABC 10 000
  • La Vanguardia 4 000
  • 20 minutos 3 500
  • these forms 80 % of references