Uživatel:Juandev/Open science data

• first mention in scientific literature in 2012 as "open science data set"
• Open Cloud consortium found in 2009, in 2012 uses the term Open Science Data cloud
• "We are increasingly seeing a shift to more companies, institutes and researchers openly sharing data." in 2012
  • they point out other literature to recent will to publish in open access and deposit data in free databases -- but if this is published in 2012 the date in the past wont be to much in tha past
  • they point different online store tools like dropbox to store data, or even specialized databases run by consortiums
  • they point open data notebooks shared via blogs or wikies
• Karmanowskyj point out that Open Science is a new concept (2016) to cover open data sharin
• Open data for science were coint allready by Murray in 2008 as an emerging concept
  • rose from open source and open access
  • recently defined more exaclty
  • Open Access in 2008 might have a different sence than to Open source (software), thus autor explains that open data are closer to open software refered to as free or libre software
  • in the areas like astronomy data reuse is important and it is covered by "norms"
  • publishing articles in chemistry includes long sets of data (like 200 pages) complementing the scientific article
  • in 2003 they figured out that data which are data of nature and cannot be copyrighted are still copyrighted in journals --this could be linked to public domain, or history of public domain licenses --and the question might be when texts started to be copyrighted, because before there was maybe some habits to prohibit the reuse or they were free
  • they thought that these data might be very usefull for others, but the journal did not want to release them for free reuse
  • the problem might be in that time, that publishers where not understanding that concept
  • the Open Data are covered by Budapest declaration (?) where they speak about Open Access (data) that could be freely reused by computers etc.
  • CC-By licences were the firtst right step to publish data freely
    • some journals tagged as open access were using NC license
    • even original developed for artwork it could suit here also
  • points out that OPEN DATA was a rare term --probably in 2003
    • he started open data mailing list announced Open Archive Initiative 4 organized by CERN in 2004
    • article on wikipedia, because he found it was used by others than schollars
      • he latter proposed on en.wp what should include open data so for example also maps
      • arguing there that, something coming from public money, should stay open, or some facts cannot be closed by a copyright
  • then he speaks about those goods of open data we know from open recources such as Wikipedia
  • he point out that Open Access movment have just started
  • during 2007 he wrote to publishers to clarify their policy on data, but if the responded, they pointed out it would take a long time
  • Open Knowledge Foundation created in 2004
    • show which licenses they provide
      • MIT Database License
      • Creative Commons
      • GNU (GDFL)
      • Talis Community License
      • UK PSI
  • IN 2007 Talis (who hired two lawers to research was of modification for open data) and Creative Commons have announced Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication & Licence
  • many European jurisdiction have sui generis, which is a principle on protecting databases

Licence

MIT License

• MIT License (wp)
  • free-software license datining back to 1980s
  • limited restriction on use
  • compatible with copyleft licences like GNU
  • most used licences for software and source code since 2015
  • the synonym is Expat license
  • license text is very short
  • variations
    • X11 license
    • MIT No Attribution License
  • there were more MIT Licenses so the term MIT License could also cover another ones

Creative Commons

• Creative Commons (wp)
  • american non-profit organization
  • early participant in copyleft movment, which was an opposition to copyright
  • commons = česky občina, společné statky dostupné všem, ale v různém chápání a různých systémech se může jednat o různé věci. U nás třeba věci, které patří státu, například potoky, které nemají soukromé vlastnictví. V otevřené kultuře pak cokoliv dalšího co se dostane pod svobodnou licenci, nebo co si členové hnutí myslí, že by mělo být společné.
    • so Creative Commons stays for creative work given to the common domain
  • 100 affiliates around the world to help to integrate Creative Commons to local jurisdictions
  • all licences instead of CC0 requires attribution
  • on the biggening it was critizied for potentiol errosion of a creative field that creators, may not want to create for commons
  • Debian and Linux were against CC prior verion 3 due to incompatabiliti
  • also critisized to support Silicon Valey needs, as most of the sponsors were tech companies from Silicon Valey
  • critics pointed out that different CC licences are not compatible thus the derivative work cannot be combined
• Creative Commons license (wp)
  • desighed in 2001 to place something between copyright and public domain
  • it allows inventors to keep rights, but also allow users to use it more freely
  • created do tu copyright extension act in the US
  • originally the wording suited to the US legislation, so the affiliates worked to harmonize it with other jurisdictions around the world
  • CC was based on GPL license
  • there was an idea that these licenses bring the so called "info-communism"
  • it is not recommended to use them for software - there are other suitable free licences for sw
  • FOUR RIGHTS, baseline rights are: distribute world wide for non-commercial use without modification
    • Attribution (BY) - attribution, i.e. mentionin the author required to freely use the work
    • Share-alike (SA) - copyleft for derivatives
    • Non-commercial (NC) -
    • Non-derivative (ND)
    • = mixing these can produce 16 combinations of a license
    • but cc uses only 6 valid combinations plus CC0

• • adaptated to many jurisdictions including the czech one
  • CC0 designed in favour of science data, thats why its not a part of open source initiative (=open source definition steward)
  • approved by open knowledge foundation for open data

GNU (GDFL)

• introduced by Richard Stallman in 1989 for GNU related programs
• VERSION 1 (GPLv1)
  • executable binnaries were published without readable code, thats why the license pointed out that its coupies should include readable code
  • another problem of sw was that diferent works had different licenses, thus gplv1 pushed the idea that finnal distributed compilation should be again gplv1
• VERSION 2 (GPLv2)
  • something regarding patent
• VERSION 3 (GPLv3)
  • protection against patents
  • compatible with Apache license
  • it was compatible with multiple other projects
• terms of used should be published with every each copy
• it prohibts originator to charge for his copy, but it may be run for comercial purposes and it may be used to create commercial products

GNU Free Documentation License (wp)

• for free documentation
• oritinally created by Free Software Foundation for the documentation of GNU Project
• Wikipedia uses it for messages and other documentation, while the main content was shifted to Creative Commons in 2009
• first version issued in 2000

SPDX License list

• licences used for software, data and documentation